Apparatus for teaching and learning arithmetic.



No. 856,068. PATENTED JUNE 4, 1907.

J. JUHASZ. APPARATUS FOR TEAGHING AND LEARNING ARITHMETIG.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 26. 1908.

2 SHEETS SHEET 1.

iIIiIl-il! .OOOOQOOOO .OIOIO 0.. 0.... III. C... 0000 00000 00000 00000I... GO... 0.... II... IO". 00000 00000 0000 00000 I... .OQII I..IQOOOOOO 00000 00000 I... .009 O... C. .QIIIOOOOO 00000 00000 WWW?IO... COCO. Q... Q. I... 0.... 00000 00600 00000 Q... O... D... 00000.OQ. O... II... 00000 .0... .l... .00. 00000 ....0 .O... .0... .I....0... 0.... I.... .I... 00000 9.... ..l.. ll... 0.... 0.... .0... 0.0..00000 THE mamas Psrsas cm, \nsumcrou, a c

No.856,068. f PATENTED JUNE4,1907, JJJUHAISZ.

APPARATUS FOR TE-AGHING AND LEARNING ARITHMETIG.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25. 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I gII III III

III

III

III

III

Aliarnqy n4: nmRRls PETERS co wasnmanm, n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEF JUHASZ, OF SZEMLAK, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 4, 1907.

Application filed May 25,1906. s N0| 318,745-

To (all 11/72/0121, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEF JUHAsZ, a sub ject of the King of Hungary, andresiding at Szemlak, Austria-Hungary, have invented a new and usefulApparatus for Teaching and Learning Arithmetic, of which the followingis a full, clear, and exact specification.

The present invention relates to apparatus for facilitating teaching andlearning arithmetic in schools and consists of the details ofconstruction herein after described, and particularly pointed out in theclaims.

' In order to render the present specification easily intelligiblereference is had to the accompanying drawings in which similar lettersof reference denotes similar parts throughout the several views.

Figure 1 is a plan view of one side of the apparatus, Fig. 2 is alongitudinal section through Fig. 3, and Fig. 3 a part plan view of theopposite side of the device.

The device consists of a table formed of cardboard, wood or any othersuitable material, the central or base plate a carrying the edge piecesI) and the partition strips 0 forming a series of guideways at each sideof the said plate a, in which a series of slides g are adapted to slideup and down beneath the outer plates (Z and f. These latter plates arepro vided with suitable recesses h as herein after described, and thewhole table may be provided with covers i and strengthening plates is orthe like at the corners. In a school each child is provided with one ofthese calculating apparatuses.

Referring first to the side of the table represented in Fig. 1. Here wehave three recesses h the right hand one for units, the central one fortens and the left hand one for hundreds. Each slide 9 is divided intoten spaces from the top to the bottom and in each space of the unitslide there is marked one spot or circle and the corresponding number 0to 9 both in Arabian and Roman characters, such figures being visibleone at the time in the lower right hand enlargement of the recess 71Thus when the unit slide it is shifted to show the figure 6 in thecorner at the bottom,six spots will be visible in the remaining part ofthe recess. l/Vhen the tens slide is adjusted to show six, sixty spotswill be visible on the visible part of the slide and when the hundredsslide is similarly adjusted, it will show 600 spots on the visible partof the slide and so on for each figure. On the tens and hundreds slidesthe spots may be -will be six spaces or 6.

partly black and. partly circles, as indicated, for the purpose ofteaching addition and subtraction. Thus in the space 1 one spot may belight and the rest dark indicating that 9 and 1. are ten or nine fromten leaves one and in the second space two spots may be light and so onthroughout, as also in the hundreds space. As will be readily understoodthis table may be used in a variety of ways for teaching addition andsubtraction, as also for explaining the relative values of the figuresin their position in the tens, hundreds and so on.

The side of the apparatus represented in Fig. 3 is for facilitating theteaching of multiplication and division. Ten recesses h are providednumbered 1 to. 10 and each having a lower right hand extension and tenslides g are mounted to slide one in each recess. Each slide is dividedinto ten spaces from top to bottom six of which are visible in Fig. 3the others being beneath the covering, and each space of the first slidecontains one spot and the consecutive number from 1 to 10 which appearsin the lateral lower extension of the recess. Thus each spot is equal toone on the first slide. On the second slide each space contains twospots and the consecutive multiple of the same. If six spaces are visible each having two spots thereon the number 12 will appear in theenlarged part of the recess at the lower right hand end of the same andso on. Thus for instance for multiplication 6 times 6, the slide No 6will be pushed up six spaces and the number 36 will appear in the lowercorner. If for instance any number is to be divided by 6, the slide No 6will be pushed up until the numbernext below the required number isshown and the number of spaces will represent the quotient. Thussupposing 36 is the dividend and 6 the divisor, then the slide number 6will be pushed up until 36 appears and the quotient If 37 is to bedivided by six, it will first be found that 37 is not on the slide No 6and therefore the next number lower must be taken viz. 36, this willshow that 6 will go 6 times in 37 and 37 36 leaves 1 over. .From theforegoing description it will be readily understood how the apparatus isto be utilized in schools or elsewhere for purposes of teaching. Thelower part of both sides of the table may be ruled and used for makingnotes.

The spots on the various slides 1 to 10 may be shown in light and dark,thus for instance on No 5 in the top space one spot may be light andfour dark showing that 1 subtracted from 5 leaves 4 and on the nextspace two spots may be light and three dark showing that two subtractedfrom 5 leaves 3. Or these distinctions may be utilized for purposes ofaddition, as will be readily understood.

I claim as my invention 1. In a device for facilitating'the teaching ofarithmetic, the combination of a frame having slides therein, each slidebeing divided into ten partitions from top to bottom and having numeralsarranged down the side thereof: a plate covering said slide, and havingrecesses therein with lateral extensions,

' in which the numeral indicating the number of spots visible in thewhole recess becomes visible when the slide is adjusted to any desiredposition.

2. In a device for facilitating the teaching of arithmetic, thecombination of a frame having a top plate with recesses therein, the

latter having lateral enlargements, a series of slides having ten spacesfrom top to bottom, spots in said spaces to indicate tens, hundreds andunits and figures adjacent each space to appear in the lateralenlargement and indicate the number of spots visible in each recess.

3. In a device of the kind specified, the combination of a frame havingouter plates with recesses therein each having a lower lateralextension, a series of slides mounted behind said recesses and guided insaid frame, a series of spots on said slides, and figures on the saidslides to indicate the number of spots and multiples ofsaid spotsvisible in the said recess.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of twowitnesses.

JosEF JUHAsZ.

Witnesses PAsz'roR MARCELL, F. -E. MALLETT.

